Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu
Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu i xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi lebyi vangaka ku pfimba ka byongo eka vanhu na swin'wana swiharhi swa ngati yo kufumela.[1] Swikombiso swo rhanga swi nga katsa mukhuhlwana na vonaka xi lumiwile.[1] swikombiso leswi swi landzeriwa hi xin'we kumbe ku tlula xa swikombiso leswi landzelaka: ku famba hi madzolonga, nyanyuko wo ka wu nga lawuleki, ku chava mati, ku hluleka ku fambisa swirho swin'wana swa miri, ku hlanganahlangana, na ku titivala.[1] Endzhaku ko vonakala ka swikombiso, vuvabyi bya rihuhu mikarhi yo tala byi yisa eku feni.[1] Nkarhi lowu nga kona exikarhi ka ku kuma vuvabyi na ku sungula swikombisa hi xitalo I n'hweti ku ya eka tin'hweti tinharhu. Hambiswiritano, nkarhi lowu wu hambana ku suka ehansi ka vhiki ku ya eka ku tlula lembe.[1] Nkarhi wu ya hi mpfhuka lowu xitsongwatsongwana xi faneleke ku wu famba ku fikelela sisiteme ya misiha yo lawula.[2]
Xivangelo na mfembo
LulamisaVuvabyi bya rihuhu byi hundziseriwa eka vanhu kusuka eka swiharhi swin'wana. Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi hundziseriwa loko xihari lexi tluletiweke xi khuhlana kumbe luma xihari xin'wana kumbe munhu. [1] Marhi ya xiharhi lexi tluletiweke nakambe ya nga hundzisela emahlweni vuvabyi bya rihuhu loko marhi ya hlangana na xiharhi xin'wana kumbe munhu.[1] Timhangu ta vuvabyi bya rihuhu to tala eka vanhu ti vangiwa hi ku lumiwa hi timbyana.[1] Ku tluala 99% wa timhangu ta vuvabyi bya rihuhu eka matiko lawa timbyana ti nga na vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi vangiwa hi ku lumiwa hi timbyana.[3] Eka MaAmerika, ku lumiwa hi timangadyana hi swona hi xitalo swi vangaka ntluleto wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu eka vanhu, naswona ehansi ka 5% ya timhangu ti huma eka timbyana.[1][3] Makondlo a ya tali ku khomiwa hi vuvabyi bya rihuhu.[3] Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya rihuhu xi ya ebyongweni hi ku landzelerisa misiha ya Periferali. Vuvabyi byi nga fembiwa endzhaku ka ku sungula ka swikombiso.[1]
Nsivelo na vutshunguri
LulamisaKu lawula swiharhi na minongonoko ya ntlhavelo swi hungutile xungeto wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu kusuka eka timbyana eka swifundza swo tala.[1] Ntlhavelo wa vanhu va nga si va na byona ku bumabumeriwile eka vanhu lava nga le ka xungeto. Ntlawa lowu nga le ka xungeto wa le henhla wu katsa vanhu lava tirhaka hi timangadyana kumbe lava tshamaka nkarhi wo leha eka tindhawu leti vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga kona.[1] Eka vanhu lava nga tivaka vuvabyi bya rihuhu, ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu na immunoglobulin ya vuvabyi bya rihuhu swi tirha ku sivela vuvabyi loko munhu a amukela vutshunguri ku nga si sungula swikombiso swa vuvabyi bya rihuhu.[1] Hlantshwa laha u lumiweke na laha u khwayekeke ku ringana 15 wa timinete hi xisiphi na mati, povidone iodine, swibasisi tanihilaha swi nga dlayaka xitsongwatsongwana na ku vonaka swi tirha eka ku sivela ku hundziseriwa emahlweni ka vuvabyi bya riruhu. [1] Kova nhlayo yintsongo leyi nga pona eka vuvabyi bya rihuhu endzhaku ka ku komba swikombiso. Leswi swi endliwa hi vutshunguri bya tindhawu to tala lowu tivekaka tanihiNtwanano wa Milwaukee[4]
ntlhavelo
LulamisaTemplate:Drugbox ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu i ntlhavelo[[]]lowu tirhisiwaka ku sivela vuvabyi bya rihuhu.[5] Ku na yo hlaya leyi nga kona leyi ha yimbirhi yi nga hlayiseka na ku tirheka. yi nga tirhisiwa ku sivela vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga si naswona nkari wo leha endzhaku ku khomiwa hi xitsongwatsongwana xo tanihi ku lumiwa hi mbyana kumbe mhangadyana. Nsawuto lowu nga kona wu teka nkarhi wo leha endzhaku ka mimpimo yinharhu ya mirhi. Hi xitalo yi nyikiwa hi jekixeni edzobyeni kumbe nyameni. Endzhaku ko va na byona ntlhavelo wu tirhisiwa xikan'we na immunoglobulin ya vuvabyi bya rihuhu. ku bumabumeriwa leswaku lava nga le ka xungeto wo kuma vuvabyi va tlhaveriwa va nga se byi kuma. Ntlhavelo wu tirha eka vanhu na swin'wana swiharhi. Nsawutiso wa timbyana wa tirha eka ku sivela vuvabyi eka vanhu.[5]
Vuhlayiseki
LulamisaTimiliyoni ta vanhu misava hinkwayo va tlhaveriwile na ku kumbetela leswaku leswi swi hlayisa ku tlula 250,000 wa vanhu hi lembe.[5] Wu nga tirhisiwa hi vuhlayiseki eka mitlawa ya malembe hinkwawo. Kwalomu ka 45 wa tiphesente ta vanhu va huma nkarhinyana ku tshukela na ku twa ku vava laha va tlhaviveko kona hi jekixini. Kwalomu ka 5 na 15 wa tiphesente ta vanhu va nga va na mukhuhlwana,ku pandziwa hi nhloko, kumbe ku nhlanta. Endzhaku ka ku khomiwa hi vuvabyi bya rihuhu a ku na leswi lwisanaka na leswi kombisiweke. Ntlhavelo wunyingi a wu na thimerosali Ntlhavelo lowu endliweke kusuka eka misiha wu tirhisiwa ntsena eka matiko yatsongo, ngopfungopfu eAsia na le Latini Amerika, kambe a wu tirhi kahle naswona wu na swivuyelandzhaku swinyingi. Ku tirhisa yona a swi bumabumeriwanga hi Nhlanganu wa Rihanyu wa Misava.[5]
Nxavo wa le holisele wu le xikarhi ka 44 na 78 USD eka khoso ya vutshunguri kusukela hi 2014.[6] Eka United States khoso ya ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu yi tlula 750 USD.[7]
Epidemiyoloji
LulamisaVuvabyi bya rihuhu byi vanga kwalomu ka 55,000 wa mafu misava hinkwayo lembe hinkwaro.[1][8] Ku tlula 95% wa mafu lawa ya humelela e Asia na le Afrika.[1] Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi kona eka ku tlula 150 wa matiko na matikonkulu ya Antartika.[1] Ku tlula tibiliyoni tinharhu ta vanhu ti tshama eka swifundza swa misava laha vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga kona. [1] EYuropa na le Australia, vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi kona ntsena eka timangadyana.[9] swihlala swinyingi leswitsongo a swi na vuvabyi bya rihuhu na switsanana.[10]
Ku yelanisa
Lulamisa- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 "Rabies Fact Sheet N°99". World Health Organization. July 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ↑ Cotran RS; Kumar V; Fausto N (2005). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1375. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). McGraw-Hill. pp. Chapter 152. ISBN 0-07-148480-9.
- ↑ Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J (May 2013). "Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.". Lancet neurology 12 (5): 498–513. PMID 23602163. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper". Weekly epidemiological record 32 (85): 309–320. Aug 6, 2010.
- ↑ "Vaccine, Rabies". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ↑ Shlim, David (June 30, 2015). "Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization". Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ↑ Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R (Dec 15, 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.". Lancet 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
- ↑ "Presence / absence of rabies in 2007". World Health Organization. 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ↑ "Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units". CDC. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
