Vutivi i ku twisisa munhu kumbe xilo xo karhi, kufana na timhaka, vuxokoxoko, nhlamuselo, kumbe vutshila, lebyi kumekaka hi kutokota kubye kudyondza hi ku vona, kutsumbula kumbe kulerha.

Vutivi(1896). Mpfapfarhuto wa Robert Reid, lowu kumekaka e Washington DC.

Vutivi byi nga hlamusela kutwisisa ko ehleketa kumbe ko endla eka mhaka yokarhi. Byi nga va vutivi byo khomeka (kufana na vutshila byokarhi) kumbe bya miehleketo; byi ngava byo yelana kumbe byo kongoma.[1] Eka Filosofi, ku dyondziwa tindlela to hlahluva vutivi, ka mufilosofa Plato, yena uhlamusele vutivi kuri "Ripfumelo leri ngana xisekelo", hambileswi kungana ku hambana ka mavonele eka nhlamuselo leyi.[2]

Ku hlengeleta vutivi, swihlanganisa matirhisele ya mihleketo lama rharhanganeke: kutwisisa, kuvulavula, na ku hlamusela;[3] hihala thlelo vutivi byithlela byi vuriwa kukota ku twisisa eka vanhu.[4]

Mintshaho Lulamisa

  1. "knowledge: definition of knowledge in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-14. 
  2. Paul Boghossian (2007). Fear of Knowledge: Against relativism and constructivism. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. , Chapter 7, pp. 95–101.
  3. Dekel, Gil. "Methodology". Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2006. 
  4. Stanley Cavell, "Knowing and Acknowledging", Must We Mean What We Say?