Vukarhi
Vukarhi kumbe kukariha i nthlaveko lowu ngana matimba eka munhu. I nthlaveko lowu nga tsakisiki naswona wu hlanganisa kuhlamula siringiwa, kuvaviseka kumbe ku xungetiwa.[1] Vukarhi byi nga vangiwa hi loko munhu atitwa a ngheneriwe mindzelakano. Van'wana vahambeta ku hlamula vukarhi hi vukarhi tani hindlela yo tisirhelela. Raymond Novaco wale Univhesithi ya California Irvine, loyi a tsaleke hi vukarhi ku sukela hi 1975, u hambanise vukarhi hi swiyenge swinharhu: Vukarhi byo tshinya, Vukarhi bya matitwele, vukarhi byo ti hambanisa.[2] William DeFoore, loyi a tsaleke hi ku kongomisa no hunguta vukarhi, u hlamusele vukarhi tani hi mukapa lowu phyaphyarhaka: hinga khoma vukarhi bya hina kufikela nkarhi wokarhi laha byi bulukaka.[3]
Vukarhi i nthlaveko lowu khumbaka miri. Munhu loyi a kariheke uthlela ava na kuba ka mbilu loku tlakukeke, ku tlakuka ka ndzendzeleko wa ngati, na kutlakuka ka adrenaline na noradrenaline.[4] Van'wana va vona vukarhi tani hi nthlaveko lowu pfuxaka ku hlamula ka miehleketo ka kulwa kumbe ku tsutsuma.[5] Vukarhi byi thlela byi tirhisiwa ku tumbeta ku chava, kutwisiwa kuvava kumbe ku tsemeka nhlana. Vukarhi i nthlaveko lowu tarhisiwaka hakanyingi ku loko munhu a teka goza ro sivela nxungeto wa khombo lwu vangiwaka hi munhu kumbe swilo swin'wana.[6]
Xikombiso xa vukarhi xivoneka exikandzeni, maendlele ya miri, kasi minkarhi yin'wana hi maendlelo yo chavisa.[7] Swiharhi swin'wana, hixikombiso, swi ba huwa, swiringeta ku ti kukumuxa, swi kombisa meno, kumbe ku xondzolota. Swiendlo leswi fambelanaka na vukarhi swi endla ku tsundzuxa vaxungeti leswaku va tshika swi endlo leswi xungetaka. Aswitalangi ku kuma nyimpi a xikarhi ka vanhu kumbe swiharhi swi mbirhi, ku nga sungulanga hi ku komba vukarhi.[8] Hambileswi vanhu votala lava kombeke vukarhi hikwalaho ka leswi "endliweke eka vona", va n'wa mihleketo va komba leswaku munhu loyi akariheke angaha endla swihoxo hikwalaho ka leswi vukarhi byi hungutaka matimba ya ku ti hlahluva.[9]
Van'wa mihleketo va vona vukarhi tani hi nthlaveko lowu twalaka naswona lowu twiwaka hi vanhu hinkwavo hi minkarhi yo hambana hambana, naswona wuri wa nkoka ku tisirhelela. Vukarhi byi pfuneta ku komba munhu un'wana leswaku kuna xihoxo lexi lavaka ku lulamisiwa. Vukarhi byi pfuna ku teka magoza yo ololoxa swihoxo. Vukarhi lebyi pfumalaka nkongomiso, byi nga khumba munhu kumbe hanyelo rakwe hindlela yobiha[10] naswona byi khumba na vanhu van'wana. A swi olovi ku va ekusuhi na munhu loyi a kariheke naswona swi nga vangela madzolonga loko byi nga lawuriwi. Hambileswi va filisofa na vatsari votala va tsundzuxeke mayelana na vukarhi lebyi nga kongomisiwiku byi nga vanga madzolonga, kambe vathlela va komba nkoka wa vukarhi. Ku kongomisa no lawula vukarhi imhaka leyi vafilosofa na vatsari vakhale va tsaleke hayona, hambi swiritano van'wa Miehleketo va komba switandzhaku leswi biheke swa ku khoma vukarhi endzeni.
Mintshaho Lulamisa
- ↑ Videbeck, Sheila L. (2006). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- ↑ Novaco, Raymond W. (1986). "Anger as a Clinical and Social Problem". In Blanchard, Robert J.; Blanchard, D. Caroline. Advances in the Study of Aggression 2. Academic Press. pp. 1–67. ISBN 9781483199689. OCLC 899004162. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9968-9.50002-x.
- ↑ DeFoore, William (1991). Anger : Deal with It, Heal with It, Stop It from Killing You (1st ed.). Health Communications, Inc.
- ↑ "Anger definition". Medicine.net. Archived from the original on 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ↑ Harris, W., Schoenfeld, C. D., Gwynne, P. W., Weissler, A. M.,Circulatory and humoral responses to fear and anger, The Physiologist, 1964, 7, 155.
- ↑ Raymond DiGiuseppe, Raymond Chip Tafrate, Understanding Anger Disorders, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 133–159.
- ↑ Michael Kent, Anger, The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-262845-3
- ↑ Primate Ethology, 1967, Desmond Morris (Ed.). Weidenfeld & Nicolson Publishers: London, p.55
- ↑ Raymond W. Novaco, Anger, Encyclopedia of Psychology, Oxford University Press, 2000
- ↑ John W. Fiero, Anger, Ethics, Revised Edition, Vol 1