Vu Presbethari
Vu Presbethari i xiyenge xa ndzhavuko lowu hundzuluxiweke endzeni ka vupfumeri bya vu Phurostentanti, lebyi simekiweke kusukela e Nghilandi, ngopfungopfu e Scotland.
Tikereke ta vu Presbethari ti tekelela vito ra tona eka mafumele ya kereke ya Vu Presbethari, kumbe huvo ya vakulu leyi fumaka. Tikereke to tala leti hundzuluxiweke ti lulamisiwe hi ndlela leyi, kambe loko rito Presbethari ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tikereke leti sukaka eka kereke ya Scotland,[2] na mintlawa yin'wana yo kaneta leyi vumbiweke hi nkarhi wa nyimpi ya xin'wana manana ya manghiza.[3] Vu Presbethari swi kandziyisa nkoka wa vuhosi bya xikwembu, matimba ya matsalwa, na xilaveko xa musa hi ripfumelo eka kreste. Mfumo wa kereke ya Vu Presbethari wu tiyisiwe hi milawu ya nhlangano hi lembe ra 1707,[4] leyi vumbeke mfumo wa Brithani. Kutiyisa kwalano, va Presbethari votala lava va akeke e Nghilandi va komba timintsun ta vona e tikweni ta Scotland, naswona vukhongeri lebyi byi yisiwe e Amerikha, ngopfungopfu hi varhurhi vopfa e tikweni ra Scotland. Vupfumeri bya vu Presbethari e tikweni ra Scotland byi khomelele eka ntivo-vukwembu lebyi hundzuluxiweke hi John Calvin na vadya-ndzhaka lava n'wilandzeleke, hambileswi kungana mavonele yohambanahambana ya ntivo-vukwembu eka Vu Presbethari bya manguva lawa. Tikereke ta vu Presbethari ti vumbiwa hi marhavi manharhu, kunga Kereke ya muganga, Ntlawa wa Vafundhisi va xifundza, Huvo leyi fumaka ya kereke.
Timintsu ta Vu Presbethari ti sukela eka hundzuluxo wa malembe-xidzana xa vu 16, laha xikombiso xa John Calvin wa tiko ra Geneva, a ari na nhlohlotelo lowu kulu. Eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 20, va Presbethari va tlange xiphemu xo hlawuleka eka nhlangano wa vukhongeri bya vukreste, kuhlanganisa na huvo ya tikereke ta misava. Tikereke ta vu Presbethari byotala ti kume tindlela to tirhisiana na tikereke tin'wana leti hundzuriweke na vakreste va mindzhavuko yo hambanahambana, ngopfungopfu eka Vukwetsimi bya ti kereke ta misava leti hundzulukeke. Tikereke tin'wana ta vu Presbethari nghenele nhlangano na tikereke tin'wana, to fana na Vu Vandla, Vu Luthere, Vu Anglikheni na Vu Methodisi. Vu Presbethari e tikweni ra Amerikha byi fike na varhurhi vo suka e tikweni ra Scotland, na va aki vale New England, lava ava vir va pfumeri va vukreste bya vuvandla, naswona va cinceke hikwalaho ka pfumba ro hlanganisa swifundza-nkulu swa Amerikha hi 1801.[5] Xikan'we na va Episkopali, va Presbethari vatala kuva vanhu lava fuweke[6] naswona vadyondzekile kutlula mintlawa yin'wana ya vukhongeri,[7] naswona vakumeka ngopfu eka ntlawa wa van'wa mabindzu,[8] Vabi va milawu na van'wa tipolitiki e Amerikha.[9]
Mintshaho
Lulamisa- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Ward, Rowland. "Presbyterian Church History Outlined" (in English). Brimbrank Presbyterian Church. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ Benedict, Philip (2002). Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. xiv. ISBN 978-0300105070.
- ↑ "Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707". The National Archives. United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ↑ Mark J Englund-Krieger (2015). The Presbyterian Mission Enterprise: From Heathen to Partner. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9781630878788.
- ↑ Ayres, B. Drummond, Jr. (28 April 1981). "The Episcopalians: An American Elite with Roots Going Back to Jamestown". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
- ↑ Irving Lewis Allen, "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet," Ethnicity, 1975 154+
- ↑ Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". American Political Science Review 51 (4): 1009–1026 [p. 1011]. JSTOR 1952449. doi:10.2307/1952449.
- ↑ Baltzell (1964). The Protestant Establishment. p. 9.