Mfumo wa Maputukezi (Portuguese: Império Português), a wu vumbiwe hi matiko ya vukolonyi ya le mintsungeni ya malwandle, tinkomponi, na switikwana leswi a swi fumiwa hi Phochugali. A ku ri wun'wana wa mimfumo leyi tshameke nkarhi wo leha swinene ematin'wini ya Yuropa, leyi tekeke kwalomu ka malembe-xidzana ya tsevu ku sukela loko ku hluriwe Ceuta eAfrika N'walungu hi 1415, ku fikela loko ku hundziseriwa vulawuri bya Macau eka Chayina hi 1999. Mfumo lowu wu sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-15, naswona ku sukela eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana xa vu-16 wu ndlandlamuke emisaveni hinkwayo, wu ri na tindhawu eAfrika, e matikweni-nkulu ra Amerika N'walungu, na Amerika Dzonga, na swifundzha swo hambana-hambana swa Axiya na Oceania.[1]

Mfumo wa Maputukezi wu sungule eku sunguleni ka Nguva ya Ku tshubula, naswona matimba na nkucetelo wa Mfumo wa lowu ma hetelela ma ndlandlamukile emisaveni hinkwayo. Endzhakunyana ka kusimekiwa, vatluti va Maputukezi va sungule ku valanga ribuwa ra Afrika na swihlala swa Atlanthiki hi 1418 na 1419, va tirhisa nhluvuko wa vufambisi bya swikepe, mimepe, hi xikongomelo xo kuma ndlela ya le lwandle leyi yaka eka xihlovo xa bindzu ra swinyunyeteri etikweni-nkulu ra Axiya. Hi 1488, Bartolomeu Dias u rhendzele Cape of Good Hope, naswona hi 1498 Vasco da Gama u fike e tikweni ra Indiya. Hi lembe ra 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral u fikile laha e Brazili hi xihoxo kumbe hi xikongomelo xa xihundla xa vuhosi.

Mintshaho Lulamisa

  1. Brockey, Liam Matthew (2008). Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7546-6313-3.