Mbewu

Eka botany, mbewu i embryo ya ximilani na vuhlayiselo bya swakudya leswi pfaleriweke eka xifunengeto xa le handle lexi sirhelelaka lexi vuriwaka seed coat (testa). Hiku angarhela, rito "mbewu" rivula xin'wana na xin'wana lexi nga byariwaka, leswinga katsa mbewu na madzovo kumbe tuber . Mbewu i vuhumelerisi bya ovule leyi vupfeke, endzhaku ka loko nkwama wa embryo wu nonisiwile hi mbewu ya vununa kusuka eka pollen, yi vumba zygote . Embryo leyinga endzeni ka mbewu yikula kusuka eka zygote naswona yikula endzeni ka ximilani xa manana kuya eka vukulu byokarhi loko kukula kunga se yimisiwa.

Photomicrograph ya mbewu yo hambana hambana

Ku endliwa ka mbewu i xiphemu lexi hlamuselaka maendlelo ya kutswalana eka swimilani swa mbewu ( spermatophytes ). Swimilani swin’wana swofana na ferns, mosses na liverworts, aswina mbewu naswona switirhisa tindlela leti titshegeke hi mati kuva swi hangalasa. Sweswi swimilana swa mbewu swi lawula tindhawu leti hanyaka emisaveni, ku sukela emakhwatini ku ya eka tindhawu ta byanyi eka maxelo yo hisa ni yo titimela .

Eka swimilani leswinga na swiluva, ovary yivupfa yiva mihandzu leyingana mbewu naswona yitirha ku yi hangalasa. Swivumbeko swotala leswi talaka kuvuriwa "mbewu" kahle kahle i mihandzu yo oma. Mbewu ya sunflower minkarhi yin’wana yi xavisiwa hi ndlela yo xavisa loko ya ha pfaleriwile endzeni ka rirhangu ro tiya ra mihandzu, leyi faneleke ku avanyisiwa leswaku yita fika eka mbewu. Mintlawa yohambana hambana ya swimilani yina ku cinca kun’wana, leswi vuriwaka mihandzu ya maribye (kufana na peach ) yina leyara ya mihandzu leyi nonokeke (the endocarp ) leyi hlanganisiweke na mbewu ya xiviri naswona yi rhendzeleke. Tinyawa i mihandzu leyi nga ni mbewu yin’we, leyi nga ni swiphemu swo tiya swa swimilana swin’wana leswi nga ni mbewu leyi nga tshovekiki, yo tanihi acorn kumbe hazelnut .

Xivumbeko na xivumbeko

Mbewu yihambanile swinene, naswona tani hileswi kuna marito yotala lawa ya tirhisiwaka ku yi hlamusela.

Marito yo hlamusela xivumbeko

• Xivumbeko xa tinyawa ( . ) – leyi fanaka na tinso, leyingana makumu ya lobed eka matlhelo hinkwawo ya hilum
• Square kumbe Oblong – angular, laha matlhelo hinkwawo ya ringanaka, kumbe ya lehe ku tlula ku anama
• Triangular – ya matlhelo manharhu, yo anama swinene ehansi ka le xikarhi
• Elliptic kumbe Ovate kumbe Obovate – yiva xirhendzevutani emakumu hamambirhi, kumbe xivumbeko xa tandza (ovate kumbe obovate, yi anama eka makumu yan’we), yiva xirhendzevutani kambe yiva symmetrical kwalomu ka le xikarhi, kumbe yi anama ehansi ka le xikarhi, kumbe yi anama ehenhla ka le xikarhi
• Discoid – leyi fanaka na disc kumbe plate, yina ku enta na swikandza leswi fambelanaka naswona yina margin ya xirhendzevutani) .
• Xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani
• Globose – ya xirhendzevutani
• Subglobose (Yi pfurha, kambe yitsongo kutlula xirhendzevutani) .
• Lenticular ya xirhendzevutani
• Ovoid ya xirhendzevutani
• Sectoroid ya xitsongwatsongwana
• Tinhlamuselo tin’wana leti tolovelekeke ta mbewu ti kongomisa eka muvala, xivumbeko na xivumbeko. Mbewu ya striate yina swirhendzevutani na milayeni leyi fambelanaka, yo leha kumbe swirhendzevutani. Mihlovo leyi tolovelekeke ngopfu i ya buraweni na ya ntima, laha mihlovo yin’wana ayi humeleli ngopfu. Xivumbeko xa le henhla xa hambana kusuka eka lexi pholishiweke swinene kuya eka lexi roughened swinene. Vuandlalo byinga tlhela byiva na ti appendages tohambana hambana (vona Seed coat), naswona byi hlamuseriwa hi marito yofana na papillate kumbe digitiform (finger-like). Xigwitsirisi xa mbewu lexi nga na ku ringanana ka khokhi xi vuriwa suberose . Marito yan’wana ya katsa crustaceous (hard, thin kumbe brittle).